Harmonic Bat Pattern – Definition & Features

In this article we continue with the theory of harmonic patterns, which are price patterns that indicate the potential zones of change in the market price, although as always, ideally these trend change patterns should be confirmed with other technical tools. Today we will see the Harmonic Bat pattern. It could be said that within the harmonic patterns is one of the favorites among investors due to its effectiveness or reliability of its buy and sell signals.

The Bat pattern consists of several points (X, A, B, C and D) and price movements (AB, XA, BC, CD) and, of course, it has a bullish version and a bearish version. It is similar to the Gartley pattern but with different Fibonacci levels, for example, the Fibonacci retracement of 88.6% of the X-A movement.

If we speak of an ideal or perfect harmonic Bat pattern, its defining characteristics are as follows:

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Support and Resistance in Trading

Two of the most basic concepts in the technical analysis of the financial markets are both the resistances and the supports. And when we talk about basic concepts we mean that they are very simple to understand and at the same time they are one of the pillars on which the technical analysis is based. First of all, we are going to define what is support and what is resistance.

  • Resistance is defined as a level or price above the current price at which the selling force will stop and eventually exceed the buying force so that it puts an end to the bullish momentum. This causes the price to begin to fall and even to reverse the upward trend. In a price chart like the one shown in the following figure, the resistances can be identified as previous peaks reached by the price before falling. In an upward trend, the resistances can be visualized as increasing highs.
  • The concept of support, on the other hand, is opposite to that of resistance. Support is defined as a level or price below the current price in which the buying power equals and eventually exceeds the selling power so that the bearish momentum is stopped and this will cause the price to rise and even the bearish trend could be reversed. Generally, in a price chart, the supports can be identified as minimums reached before the price starts to rise. In a bearish trend, the supports can be identified as increasingly lower minimums.
The following image shows several real examples of resistance (lines R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) and supports (lines S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5).

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The Parabolic SAR – Definition, Use and Calculation

In this article, we will show you how the Parabolic SAR indicator can help you predict the market trend and its oscillations. The Parabolic SAR is another of the stock market technical indicators developed by the legendary Welles Wilder, who published it in his well-known book “New concepts in technical trading systems“, along with the RSI, the ATR, and the … Read more

Definition of Gap and Trap

What is a Gap and Trap?

A “Gap and Trap” is a price formation that can be observed in a individual stock, a market index, a currency pair, futures contract or other instrument or asset traded in financial markets.

The “Gap and Trap” occurs when there is an upward gap between one trading session and another, and investors begin to buy in the first minutes of the new session, when the price suddenly changes direction and begins to fall, trapping traders who bought shortly after the opening. Hence comes the name of the event, as “Gap” is the space between the closing price of the previous session and the opening price of the current session and “Trap” is referring to traders (buyers) who get caught in the market.

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Moving Average Convergence Divergence Indicator – MACD Definition

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) is a popular technical indicator used to identify changes in momentum, trend direction, and potential buy/sell signals for an asset. It was developed by Gerald Appel in the late 1970s and has since become a widely used tool by traders and investors.

The MACD is calculated by subtracting a longer-term exponential moving average (EMA) from a shorter-term EMA. The result is a signal line that oscillates around a zero line, which represents the point of equilibrium between buying and selling pressure. The most commonly used EMA periods for the MACD calculation are 12 and 26 days.

In addition to the MACD line, a signal line is typically plotted as a 9-day EMA of the MACD line. This signal line is used to identify potential buy/sell signals based on crossovers with the MACD line. When the MACD line crosses above the signal line, it is considered a bullish signal, suggesting that buying pressure is increasing. Conversely, when the MACD line crosses below the signal line, it is considered a bearish signal, suggesting that selling pressure is increasing.

The MACD can also be used to identify divergences between the indicator and the price chart, which can signal potential trend reversals. For example, if the price is making higher highs but the MACD is making lower highs, it may suggest that the bullish trend is losing momentum and a bearish reversal may be imminent.

Overall, the MACD is a versatile indicator that can be used in a variety of ways to help identify potential buy/sell signals, trend direction, and changes in momentum for an asset. As with any technical indicator, it is important to use the MACD in conjunction with other forms of analysis and risk management strategies to make informed trading decisions.

Harmonic Patterns in Trading

Chart patterns known as harmonic patterns are undoubtedly one of the classic patterns which have been studied by many traders throughout their training within technical analysis. By mastering these types of price patterns, the use of this type of technique can provide early entries with a minimum of risk very near to price levels where there are trend changes. Harmonic patterns can be observed in any market.

For the short term, day traders can use this type of pattern in an effective way to buy and sell when the price touches an area of daily highs or lows. Gartley, the discover of this patterns, stated in his work that to buy or sell properly within a pattern of the type “AB = CD” (the best known among us) the market must be on a strongly established trend.

A change in a market trend or a strong correction may not always follow this pattern but you can even make profits by trading this price formation with proper money management and risk management in each trade, which requires some experience.

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Williams %R Indicator – Definition, Calculation and Uses

Williams %R indicator is an oscillator of technical analysis, for which it works better in lateral trending markets that in those with a strong trend. Basically what it does is measure how close to the maximum or minimum of a certain period of time the prices have closed during the last trading session or during any other time frame chosen by the trader. Remember that like other indicators, it can be used to analyze different periods of time from few minutes to hours, days, weeks, etc.. It was developed by  Larry Williams.

To apply this indicator the trader must select the time period, which is usually 14 periods (but that depends of the trader´s needs). In this case 14 is one of the most common value of this parameter but it  be changed if the trader believes that he will have better results with other values. If the trader is analyzing the market development over a period of 1 or more days, the Williams% R indicates if the closing price of the last session is close or not of the maximum or the minimum of the last 14 sessions.

The idea is that when asset prices are analyzed in a market that is moving in a sideways trend (a trend with no clear direction), the fact that during the last session the closing price is near the maximum or minimum of the last 14 days may be an indication that  is approaching the moment when the market could change its direction and go up or down. In short, if the market is in a sideways trend and the closing price of the last session is near the maximum of the last 14 sessions, probably the price will fall and if the closing price is near the minimum, there is a high probability that the price is going to rise.

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Average Directional Index (ADX) Indicator

The ADX is an oscillator-type technical indicator that fluctuates between 0 and 100 and whose value is based on the true range of movement (TR, true range). The ADX was developed by Welles Wilder in order to obtain information about the strength of the current trend and determine if the market is in a clear trend or in a range. Additionally, the ADX also serves to inform the trader about the prevailing trend of the market through the positive/negative movement indicators (+ DI and -DI).
 
The ADX is the abbreviation of the name Average Directional Index. When this indicator is applied to a chart we can see three lines:
  • The line + DI (Positive Directional Indicator).
  • the line -DI (Negative Directional Indicator).
  • The ADX line.

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The Moving Averages in Trading

Moving Averages – A Renowned Tool Trading These days, several tools and strategies are in use by Forex traders in order to make more profit. If a beginner trader is trying to enhance the profit margin in the Forex market and other markets too, then he should consider these tools and strategies. One of the most important of these tools … Read more