Technical Analysis

Keltner channels – How can we use them?

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Keltner channels are a technical indicator consisting of three lines: a central line that corresponds to an exponential moving average, and two lines, upper and lower, calculated as a deviation from the central line based on the ATR (Average True Range). If you know the Bollinger Bands you will see that both are similar indicators, with the difference that the bollinger bands use a simple moving average (SMA) as the center line and the bands are calculated as standard deviation of this SMA. In addition, the introduction of the ATR for the bands calculation in Keltner channels gives it the feature of being an indicator based on volatility, as well as being a softer indicator than Bollinger Bands.

Keltner channels, based on an exponential moving average, are a trend indicator, a trend dictated by the inclination of the channel. The most prominent use of Keltner channels as a trend indicator is the identification of trend changes when channel breakouts occur as well as the identification of range phases in the market (flat trend). The areas determined by the upper and lower lines can be used to identify overbought and oversold areas.

The development of Keltner channels is attributed to Chester Keltner who introduced in his book How to Make Money in Commodities (1960) the “Ten-Day Moving Average” rule, considered as the original version of Keltner channels. This original version used SMA instead of EMA. The current version of this indicator is attributed to Linda Bradford back in the 80s of the 20th century who introduced the ATR in the calculation of the channel bands.

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Perry Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA)

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Hello to all our Forexdominion.com followers, today we bring you an article where we explain in detail a moving average indicator called KAMA.

This indicator was developed by Perry Kaufman, and is an adaptive moving average designed to take into account the volatility or “market noise”. The KAMA moving average approaches prices when price fluctuations are relatively small and noise is low. In addition, the KAMA will move away when price swings widen and follow prices from a greater distance. This trend following indicator can be used to identify the general trend, market inflection points, and to filter price movements.

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Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) – Definition and Signals

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The Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO) was developed by Tushar Chande, who presented it in a co-written work with Stanley Kroll called “The New Technical Trader”. This indicator was designed to calculate what Chande refers to as “pure momentum”. The objective of this indicator is to detect trend variations of greater or lesser extent. The CMO is similar, although it is unique in itself, to other indicators oriented to momentum such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI), Stochastics, and Rate-of-Change.

The CMO uses data from both bullish days and bearish days in the numerator, directly measuring the momentum. The calculations are developed with non-smoothed data. This allows extreme short-term movements to be less hidden. However, smoothing can be implemented to the Chande Oscillator if desired. The scale of the indicator is between +100 and -100 allowing the user to clearly see changes in market momentum using level 0 as a balance point.

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The Gann Fan – Description and Uses

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What is the Gann fan?

In this article, we will explain another market analysis tool developed in the last century by a famous analyst and trader, which was designed to study the price oscillations between market highs and lows. This tool has some popularity and can be found on most trading platforms, although its effectiveness has been questioned. The Gann Fan is a technical analysis tool used to indicate price movements from important highs and lows as well as to identify price breakouts.

William Delbert Gann developed analysis techniques based on geometric patterns and classical angles whose relationship, according to its creator, allows us to correctly predict future market movements in both time and price. This analysis tool is built based on Gann angles.

Gann was a stock market analyst who in the 20th century wrote his foundations to invest in the stock market in his work “The basis of My Forecasting Method”. This work, which consists of just over 30 pages as a manual, was published in 1935.

The Gann fan is formed by lines that start from the same point with different angles. It is similar to the Fibonacci fan, but the angles between the lines that make up this fan are classic angles like the 45 degrees one.

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Bullish Harami Candlestick Chart Pattern

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The candlestick pattern Bullish Harami is a reversal pattern formed by two candles, which has a low reliability, occurs during downward movements and indicates that the current downward market trend has possibilities of changing its direction to an uptrend. This pattern can be identified as follows:
  • The current trend should be bearish as it is a reversal formation which indicates a possible change from bearish to bullish trend.
  • First, the price forms a long a candle that can be bullish (white) or bearish (black).
  • Subsequently, the price forms a smaller candle inside the candle of the previous period (a candle is enclosed within the range of the larger candle), which can be bullish or bearish.

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ABC Correction Waves – Elliott Wave theory

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Following with the Elliott Wave theory that we have seen in the previous article, in this article we will see how the 5 impulse waves (in favor of the trend) proposed by Elliot are corrected and reversed by 3 waves against the trend called ABC Correction Waves.

Observe the following image:

ABC Correction Waves
ABC Correction Wave in a bull trend

The price swings marked by colored lines and the letters a, b, c form a corrective movement of the bullish wave formed by swings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Because we have used a bull market in the previous example does not mean that this theory does not apply to bear markets. The same pattern 5-3 may appear like this:

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How to identify the end of a trend?

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Changes in the trend

 

A fundamental aspect that very few traders dominates how to determine when a trend is nearing its end and about to change to start a new trend. The turning point in which the change in the trend´s direction occurs is known as trend reversal. In many times the traders often find themselves in situations where they do not know if a trend will continue or reverse, for example when the market is in a lateral trend (the price moves without a defined trend).

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Three White Soldiers Candlestick Pattern

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The candlestick pattern Three White Soldiers is a highly reliable formation which occurs in both downward and upward trends and indicates that there is a high probability that the market continues to trend upward (continuation pattern) or reverse the downward trend that was dominating the market so far (reversal pattern). This pattern can be identified as follows:

  • The current trend may be bullish as bearish. If the trend is upward, there is usually a decline (previous price movement in bearish) or a period of price consolidation before the market resumes its upward move through this formation.
  • The price profuce three consecutive white candles.
  • Each candle produces a new high.
  • The opening of each candle is inside the body of the previous candle.
  • Each candle closes near the peak.

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